Diabetes mellitus is a severe disease, characterized by insulin deficiency to one degree or another. As a result of pathology, hyperglycemia may seem, that is, an increase in blood sugar, which will lead to various metabolic disorders and complications.
Diabetes is third in prevalence after cancer and cardiovascular disease. Worldwide, more than one hundred million people with this disease are currently known. Every 15 years, the number of cases doubles.
Drugs that can completely eliminate diabetes manifestations do not exist. If the disease is not treated for a long time, irreversible disorders occur in the vessels of various organs.
To observe the symptoms of the pathology over time, you should know what types of diabetes there are.
Types of diabetes
In medicine, various types of diabetes are released. The term itself reveals an entire list of diseases with common resources. The characteristics of diabetes and their types consist of the pathological level of blood sugar.
There are many reasons why insulin cannot cause glucose in blood cells. However, the result is always the same: with strong blood saturation with sugar, cells cannot eat normally.
When sugar does not fall into the cells, it pulls the water over itself. A liquid fills the bloodstream passes through the kidneys and dehydration occurs. Despite what there are diabetes, there are such symptoms:
- Dry mouth.
- Thirst.
- Frequent and abundant urination.
Each type of disease is distinguished by its own characteristic effect on the human body. Diabetes, whose types have their own differences, perhaps:
- Not mated and sugar.
- Latent.
- Potential, it is expressed in predisposition to the disease.
- Dependent on insulin and dependent on insulin.
- Laby.
- Renal.
- Post -operative appears after pancreatic surgery.
- Pancreatic, expressed in pancreas injury.
- NO -WARD, it is not associated with damage to the pancreas.
The first type of diabetes mellitus
Insulin -dependent diabetes is called autoimmune or viral damage to the pancreas, the organ that produces insulin. People with type 1 diabetes, insulin has nothing, or it is in very small volumes.
Statistics suggest that type 1 disease appears at a young age. It is determined by symptoms such as frequent severe thirst, fast urination, rapid weight loss, strong feeling of hunger and the appearance of acetone in the urine.
The treatment of this variety of the disease is to introduce the desired dose of the hormone on the outside. Other therapeutic actions are completely ineffective. The first type of diabetes appears most often due to genetic predisposition. This disease can cause one or more negative factors, starting pathological changes in the immune system.
As a result, pancreatic cells are deformed, producing insulin. The lack of hormone leads to the fact that carbohydrates cannot be completely discarded in the body, and lack of energy is trying to compensate for fat processing.
Toxic substances begin to enter the brain. Therefore, it is extremely important to constantly control the current state of the body and the content of blood glucose.
The disease can occur due to:
- Infections.
- Stress.
- Sedentary lifestyle.
- Autoimmune diseases.
- Heredity.
- Inal meals.
This diabetes is up to 15% of the total number of patients. Most of the time, children and adolescents get sick. The disease appears due to a passive lifestyle and constant use of carbohydrates. Obesity and diabetes may appear when taking:
- Soda drinks.
- Smoked meats.
- Canned products.
- Food fast.
Sometimes diabetes, and then obesity first appears. Type 1 disease has these symptoms:
- Weakness.
- Irritability.
- A feeling of fatigue.
- Nausea.
- Enhanced headquarters.
- Called to urinate.
Often, patients quickly lose body weight, or vice versa, gain weight. Diabetes can be:
- Primary: genetic, essential.
- Secondary: thyroid, pituitary, steroid.
The disease can be light, medium or severe. By the nature of the course, the disease is divided into insulin -dependent and insulin -dependent type. Due to the high blood sugar content, the sprouts and blood vessels are deformed.
Therefore, people who suffer from a type 1 disease in many cases lose their vision, being almost blind. There are also two main manifestations: first a violation of the kidneys, then - the failure of this organ. Often patients observe the pain and numbness of the limbs. This is due to a violation of blood circulation and nerve damage.
In case of breach of blood flow at the feet, there is a high risk of leg amputation. With type 1 disease, there is a high volume of blood cholesterol, so in diabetics, cases of stroke or myocardial infarction are not uncommon.
In men with diabetes, impotence usually develops, as nerve and blood vessels cease to exist in a healthy regime. Due to the pathology, they seem:
- Obesity.
- Pancreatitis.
- Dermatopathy.
- Nephropathy.
- Encephalopathy.
One of the pathologies that represent a great danger is hypoglycemic coma. This condition usually leads to death.
Diabetes patients should determine the blood sugar level every day using special devices created for household conditions. If necessary, the urine is prescribed for the sugar content.
If the level of glucose is increased, insulin injections will be required to treat 1 type disease. This hormone is involved in metabolism, allowing the body to process carbohydrates.
If there is no proper treatment of type 1 diabetes, serious complications will appear. In some cases, death is possible. Sometimes a person needs hospitalization to establish the complexity of the situation.
Under stationary conditions, the patient learns new sugar control skills.
The second type of diabetes mellitus
This type of disease occurs with insufficient insulin by the pancreas. The condition is also aggravated by a decrease in the cell activity of this organ. Normally, pathology is formed due to the non -hereditary consumption of tissue to the hormone.
Tissues subjected to insulin have insulin receptors. Due to the appearance of the pathology of these receptors, insulin tissue immunity develops. Hormone secretion does not decrease, forming relative insulin deficiency.
In patients with obesity, first and foremost, there is a decrease in the function of insulin receptors. Overflow leads to surplus blood glucose formation, while non -controversial tissues do not allow glucose in cells.
As a sufficient amount of insulin is needed to put sugar in the cells, its excessive pancreas products begins, which is wrapped in beta cell exhaustion.
2 of the type of diabetes in medicine is not considered hereditary pathology, but a disease of the wrong lifestyle. Even with the existing severe heredity, this violation will not be formed if:
- The use of sweet products and other "fast" carbohydrates is limited.
- Without eating too much.
- There is constant control over body mass.
- Exercise are constantly performed.
The symptoms of type 2 diabetes are not specific. The person does not realize his manifestations in most cases, as there is no significant deterioration in the good -being. But knowing the symptoms, you cannot lose the moment of your appearance and consult a doctor in time, determining the blood glucose concentration. Therefore, a successful compensation will be created by diabetes, the risk of complications will decrease significantly.
The main manifestations of this pathology:
- Dry mouth.
- An increase in the volume of urine, which makes a person wake up constantly at night.
- Strong thirst.
- Itching mucous membranes.
- Strong appetite associated with leptin synthesis failure.
The presence of diabetes can also speak:
- Slow restoration of wounds.
- Furunculosis.
- Impotence.
- Fungal infections.
The disease can be found for the first time when entering the hospital due to a stroke or heart attack. Such diseases indicate that diabetes is in a serious stage.
The usual symptoms manifest only with an increase in the level of sugar above the renal threshold - 10 mmol /l. With this increase in glucose, it appears in the urine. If the value does not reach 10 mmmol/l of blood, a person will not feel changes in the body.
It can be noted that the random installation of type 2 diabetes is a very common phenomenon.
For diabetes therapy, 2 types are used: the following means are used:
- Biguanides.
- I have.
- Sulfanillarcevin cost.
- Clay.
Gestational diabetes
The gestational form of the disease may appear in a pregnant woman. The pathology is formed due to insufficient insulin production, necessary to regulate blood sugar.
During pregnancy, the woman's body is forced to produce a large amount of insulin, which provides the needs of the fetus. This process is especially relevant in the second half of the children.
If there is a lack of insulin, the blood glucose level is constantly increasing, giving the opportunity to form a gestational type of diabetes. This disease usually occurs independently, immediately after delivery.
This is a feature that distinguishes it from other types of diabetes, which are chronic.
Latent diabetes
A large number of unclear moments are associated with diabetes. The most common types of disease are the first and second types. It is worth noting that there is an intermediate type of this dangerous disease called Lada Diabetes.
This disease occurs in adulthood. This variety of the disease is dangerous because, for a long time, it can be disguised as type 2 diabetes. The latent form of the disease is very difficult.
Lada is a severe autoimmune disease. The immune system begins to attack its own body, constantly destroying beta cells that produce insulin in the pancreas. But these patients may have no insulin injections for a long time, unlike those who are more type 1 diabetes.
With a latent form of diabetes, immunological processes proceed slowly. In the pancreas, beta working cells are preserved. Patients have treatment with diabetic drugs with the second type of diabetes. Over time, antibodies destroy more and more beta cells, which leads to a serious decrease in the amount of insulin and the inevitable use of insulin therapy.
Hidden diabetes
Hidden diabetes mellitus has another name: latent or sleeping. This pathology is a diabetes at an early stage.
With a preliminary stage of diabetes, sugar and its blood indicators never exceed the standard. In the early stage of the disease, a violation of glucose tolerance is recorded. Also, after sugar load, a person is observed in very slow blood, but a decrease in glucose concentration.
These people have a very high probability of diabetes in 10 to 15 years. This disease does not require specific complex therapy, but constant medical observation is important. The latent type of diabetes mellitus can occur over the years.
To develop it, sometimes it is sufficient to survive a severe nervous disorder or obtain a viral infection.
Diabetes No -Adstates
Non -Adal diabetes is a pathology, caused by the absolute or relative deficiency of vasopressin, a hormone, which has an antidiuretic effect. People suffer from sudden and thirst urination. Sleep is significantly broken and a person cannot usually restore strength.
About 6 to 15 liters of loose and light urine are released per day. There is also a lack of appetite and weight loss. A person is constantly tired and irritated, dry skin and lack of sweating.
Subcompered Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a disease consisting of impaired carbohydrate metabolism. All medical measures aim to normalize them. It is quite difficult to have a constant effect. Due to prolonged therapy, the level of carbohydrate metabolism can float and have different values.
There are several ways that make it possible to compensate for this dangerous disease. We are talking about:
- Uncompleted.
- Subcompered.
- Compensated form.
The decompensated form is characterized by the fact that there are almost no improvements in carbohydrate metabolism. There is a high concentration of blood glucose, acetone and sugar is found in the urine.
Subcompered diabetes is a pathology in which blood sugar does not differ much from the norm, there is no acetone in the urine either. With the compensated form of the disease, a person has glucose in normal while there is no sugar in the urine.
Diabetes Laby
The disease can be differentiated by the nature of the course for Lilebil and stable. The lubin type of disease is characterized by a significant fluctuation of blood glucose daily.
In such people, hypoglycemia most often appears with dinner. Late at night and early in the morning, there is a strong thirst and hyperglycense. The occult course of the disease is often accompanied by the formation of cetoacidosis, which usually leads to a diabetic coma.
A rapid replacement of hypoglycemia hyperglycemia is characteristic of youth and children's diabetes. The stability of the disease course is characteristic of its middle stage. The disease goes on to lailly when it is severe.